UlsanByeongyeong Jangdae, located in Namoe-dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan, was historicallythe stone-built command post where the Gyeongsang Left Army Commander directedmilitary activities. During times of persecution, it also served as anexecution ground. Thissite is believed to be where many Catholics—including the three martyrs **PeterYi Yang-deung**, **Luke Kim Jong-ryun**, and **James Heo In-baek**—wereexecuted during the Gyeongshin and Gyeongin Persecutions. At times, executionsincluded **gunmunhyosu**, a brutal form of punishment in which a criminal’ssevered head was displayed publicly to warn the populace.

Thissite is believed to be where many Catholics—including the three martyrs **PeterYi Yang-deung**, **Luke Kim Jong-ryun**, and **James Heo In-baek**—wereexecuted during the Gyeongshin and Gyeongin Persecutions. At times, executionsincluded **gunmunhyosu**, a brutal form of punishment in which a criminal’ssevered head was displayed publicly to warn the populace.